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--  作者：admin --  发布时间：2012/11/13 11:27:21 --  调查显示中国公众最期待收入分配改革 在中国10年一次的领导人换届将于周四启动之际，全球的专家学者都在猜测，为解决中国的众多问题，北京新一代领导人将会做或将不会做什么。但中国人自己期待看到什么改变呢？ Reuters如果国有《中国青年报》进行的一项在线调查值得参考的话，答案若不是让人想到现实，就是想到中国执政党的思想根基：收入再分配问题。 据《中国青年报》上周二报道，该报社会调查中心上周进行的民调显示，在受访的11,405位中国互联网用户中，有66.6%的人说他们最期待推动收入分配改革。排在第二位的是反腐机制改革（57.8%），排在第三位的是经济体制改革（53.5%）。 上述三项比例加起来超过了100%，因为受访者可以选择多个选项。《中国青年报》说，有近半数的受访者为80后，有17.7%的人为90后，其他的则为70后。该报还说，大部分受访者月收入不到人民币5,000元（约合800美元）。 当互联网用户被问到哪些因素可能阻碍中国未来10年的发展时，贫富分化严重也排在了首位，有75%以上的受访者选择了此项。 在中国很难衡量收入分配不公的程度，部分是因为中国富裕的家庭不愿公布真实的财富规模。即便如此，独立研究显示，中国的收入差距在迅速扩大。尽管上世纪70年代末推出经济改革之前，中国绝大部分家庭的经济状况都大体相同，但美国德州农工大学(Texas A&M)教授甘犁2011年牵头进行的一项学术研究显示，在受访的8,000多个中国家庭中，中国收入最高的10%家庭控制着该国56%的收入，这个数据使中国比一些非洲国家更公平一些。 中国决策者及其顾问并非没有注意到财富集中程度达成如此水平所带来的危险。北京国际城市发展研究院(International Institute for Urban Development)研究员朱颍慧今年早些时候对“中国实时报”栏目说，城乡之间、不同群体之间的收入差距以及中产阶级的缺失都是可能影响社会稳定的因素。 不过，公众的担忧不仅限于贫富分化。腐败和滥用职权也属公众最担忧的问题之列，大部分受访的互联网用户都认为“权力不受制约”和“利益集团坐大”可能阻碍中国未来的发展。 知名经济学家许小年在新浪(Sina Corp.)微博上对该调查作出回应，将各项结果联系起来写道：权力不受制约和利益集团坐大是原因，贫富分化严重是结果。 尽管如此，据上述调查显示，大部分互联网用户表示对自己及中国的未来持乐观看法：有一半以上的受访者说他们对中国未来10年的发展和自己的生活有信心。 调查还显示，有70%以上的受访者期待未来10年将进行新一轮改革，不过调查没有具体指明改革的类型。 在期待的社会改革中，医疗排在首位，有68.8%的互联网用户期待中国医疗制度将进一步完善，教育排在第二（62.8%），食品安全排在第三（60.3%）。 尽管国有媒体如此鲜明地发表有关中国问题的调查很少见，但一些互联网用户却质疑《中国青年报》调查的价值。一位新浪微博用户写道：调查结果给谁看啊？老百姓都知道，掌权者装看不见！ 另外一位用户写道：民调已经显示了民意，面对民意有解决方案呢？

--  作者：admin --  发布时间：2012/11/13 11:27:50 --   With China\'s once-a-decade leadership transition set to get underway on Thursday, pundits and scholars around the globe are speculating about what Beijing\'s new top brass will -- or won\'t -- do to tackle the country\'s many problems. But what change are Chinese people themselves expecting to see? If an online survey conducted by the state-run China Youth Daily newspaper is anything to go by, the answer is one that recalls the idealogical roots, if not the recent reality, of China\'s ruling party: income redistribution. Of 11,405 Chinese Internet users polled by the Social Survey Center of China Youth Daily last week, 66.6% said they thought the country was likely to pursue reforms related to income distribution in the future, the newspaper reported on Tuesday (in Chinese). Second on the list were reforms aimed at curbing corruption (57.8%), followed by reforms of the economic system (53.5%) in third. The results exceeded 100% because respondents were allowed to choose multiple options. Nearly half of respondents were born in the 1980s, with 17.7% born in the 1990s and the rest born in the 1970s, the newspaper said, adding that most of those who took part in the poll earned less than 5000 yuan ($800) per month. China \'huge income disparity\' was likewise the top choice when Internet users were asked to identify factors that could drag down the country\'s development in the next decade, garnering votes from more than 75% of respondents. Measuring income inequality is difficult in China, in part because rich Chinese families are loathe to reveal the true extent of their wealth. Even so, independent research suggests the income gap is expanding rapidly. Where the vast majority of Chinese families were on roughly equal financial footing prior the launch of economic reforms in the late 1970s, one academic survey of more than 8000 Chinese households conducted by Texas A&M professor Gan Li in 2011 found the country\'s top 10% controlling 56% of income a figure that makes China more equal than some African countries. The dangers of that level of wealth concentration are not lost on Chinese policy makers and their advisers. \'The income gap between urban and rural, between communities, and lack of middle class are factors that could affect social stability,\' Zhu Yinghui, a researcher at the International Institute for Urban Development in Beijing, told China Real Time earlier this year. But anxieties extend beyond the wealth gap. Corruption and abuse of power also scored high on the list of concerns, with \'expanded influence of interest groups\' and \'unchecked power\' both identified by a majority of surveyed Internet users as problems that could derail the country\'s future. Responding to the survey on Sina Corp.\'s Weibo microblogging service, prominent economist Xu Xiaonian tied the results together: \'Unchecked power and expansion of interest groups are the causes. A huge rich-poor divide is the result,\' he wrote. For all that, most Internet users reported feeling positive about the future, both their own and the country\'s, according to the survey: More than half of the respondents said they are confident about China\'s development and their life in the next 10 years. The survey also showed that more than 70% of respondents expected a new round of reform in the next decade, though it didn\'t specify the type of reform. Among expected social reforms, healthcare was tops with 68.8% of Internet users predicting improvements in the country\'s medical system, followed by education (62.8%) and food security (60.3%). While it\'s unusual for state-run media to publish surveys that portray the country\'s problems in such a stark light, some Internet users questioned the value of the China Youth Daily poll. \'What is this survey for? The public already knows all this, while the people in power pretend that they never knew,\' wrote one user of Sina Corp.\'s Weibo microblogging service. \'The survey reveals public opinion. But where are the solutions?\' wrote another.