第三:中文和英文的对应词有时意思并不相同或者不完全相同,不能照字面翻译。例如下面例子中的“外国人”和foreigner:如果我们要把“他的英语说得真好,就像外国人一样。”翻译成这样的英语He speaksEnglish so well, he soundslike a foreigner.那么这里的修饰语likea foreigner是指说得不好,听起来很别扭。这种看上去非常准确的翻译其效果却适得其反。正确的翻译方法应该是:He speaks English sowell, he sounds like a native speaker.
“拉动经济增长”不能翻译为pull economic growth,这不符合英语的表达习惯,而要用下列动词才能与economic growth相匹配:push/lift/increase/boost/stimulate/
spur/drive/fuel/speed up/accelerate/generate/ fire up/ propel/facilitate/reinforce/
aid/assist/support/promote/encourage/foster/(sustain/maintain)。
我们也不能把“素质教育”翻译成quality education,那是指“高质量的教育”。正确的翻译应该是caliber-focusededucation 或trait-centered education。
第四:有时候中文字面的意思表达不充分,部分信息被省略了或被隐藏起来了。例如下面的例子:特区是个窗口,是技术的窗口,管理的窗口,知识的窗口,也是对外政策的窗口。有人把它翻译为:The special zone is a window. It is a widow forintroducingtechnology, management and knowledge. It is also a windowfor foreign policy.
这样的翻译外国人是无法理解的,我们必须把那些被省略了或被隐藏起来的信息都翻译出来:The special economiczones are a window opening onto the outsideworld. They are a windowthrough which to bring in from abroad sophisticatedtechnology,advanced managerial expertise and up-to-date know-how. It is alsoawindow through which to disseminate China’s external policies.
与此相似的例子还有很多,如“退耕还林”不是return farmland toforest(把耕地退还给森林),而应该是restore "woodland-converted farm-plots" backforafforesting (把从林地开垦出来的耕地还原成林地,即重新进行植树造林)。“春运”也不能简单地说成是springtransportation(春季的运输) 而是the rush / peak season of passengertransportation during the SpringFestival(春节期间的客运高峰)。
第五:有些中文词语没有什么特殊涵义,而与之相对应的英文词语却有着特殊的涵义。例如,与“便宜”、“价廉”相对应的“cheap,”它有时候会带有贬义,成为“质次价低”的意,如cheap jewelries,cheap dresses, cheap furniture等。我们可以说I bought acheap watch for my child,对小孩无所谓;但不能说I bought a cheapdress for mygirlfriend. 因为这样说会冒犯对方。在后一种情况下必须用inexpensive一词。
第六:避免用中式英语进行表达,而要尽量用地道的英语进行表达。假如我们要把“我过去学过一些法语,但现在都忘了,都还给老师了”这句话翻译成英语,最好不要说 I learned some French in the past. Now I have forgotten it.I'vereturned it to the teacher. 比较好的说法是 I used to know some French,butI've forgotten it. It has found its way back to my teacher.
再比如我们要用英语说“我攒了一大堆赃衣服,等着周末来洗,”最好不要说I have accumulated a largeamount of dirty clothes. I'm going to washthem at the weekend. 比较好的说法是I have a lot of laundry to catch upat the weekend.