| India is more concerned than ever about its yawning trade gap with China, as The Wall Street Journal detailed in a front-page story today. |
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《华尔街日报》今天头版详细报道过，印度不断扩大的对华贸易逆差让它越来越感到担忧。 |
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| But it isn't just the volume of trade that's at issue. It's the mix. |
但问题不只是贸易总量，还有贸易构成。 |
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| While India exports mostly raw materials to its neighbor, China is selling more sophisticated manufactured goods -- translating into better profit margins and higher paying jobs for workers. That disparity underscores India's lack of manufacturing capabilities -- and, for some national security hawks, it's raising questions about whether India is too reliant on its rival for vital technologies. |
Tyrone Siu/Reuters现今，印度比过去更加关注其与中国之间不断扩大的贸易逆差。印度出口到中国的多为原材料，而中国向印度出口的则是更高端的制成品，此类产品的利润率更高，工人工资也更高。这种差别凸显印度制造能力的缺失，而在一些强调国家安全的强硬派看来，它提出了印度在重要技术方面是否过于依赖竞争对手的问题。 |
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| One clear example of the trend is electronics. Overall electronics-related exports from China to India jumped from $2.8 billion to nearly $12 billion in the five years ending March 31, 2011. Computer hardware from laptops to accessories like USB dongles accounted for $1.5 billion in China's exports. |
一个明显的例子是电子产品的趋势。在截至2011年3月31日的五年里，中国输往印度的电子相关产品的贸易额从28亿美元增加到接近120亿美元的水平，其中，包括笔记本电脑和USB存储设备等附件在内的电脑硬件占15亿美元。 |
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| Chinese-made cellphones and mobile network gear, in particular, have flooded into India. In the two years to March 2011, India's imports of mobile devices jumped 45% to over $4 billion. That's partly because of a wave of new Indian firms that are marketing cellphones they've sourced from China and rebranded as their own. Chinese brands like Huawei Technologies have had their own stunning success in India. |
尤其是中国制造的手机和移动网络设备已经充斥印度市场。在截至2011年3月的两年里，印度手机进口额猛增45%，达到40亿美元以上。部分原因是印度一批新公司在推销它们从中国采购、然后贴上自己牌子的手机。华为(Huawei Technologies)等中国品牌已经在印度大获成功。 |
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| The government's attempts to erect barriers have proven futile in the telecom sector. In 2010, India began more closely screening imports of cellular network equipment, partly because of security concerns about Chinese goods. The government required equipment vendors to make their software code and facilities available for inspection and to pay penalties that could reach into the tens of millions of dollars for any security breaches. |
相关阅读虽然采取了这些措施，来自中国的进口产品继续急剧增加。华为接受了印度新的安全限制措施，然后继续高歌猛进。电信运营商在印度建设的第三代无线宽带网络当中，有25%目前都由华为提供设备。华为还在印度市场推出智能手机、平板电脑和笔记本电脑3G配件，去年华为从印度获得16亿美元的收入。华为方面一位拒绝透露姓名的管理人员说，虽然印度暗中鼓励电信运营商购买非中国企业的设备，但华为仍不断这个市场发展壮大。 |
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| Despite those moves, imports from China continued to soar. Huawei agreed to the Indian new security restrictions and powered ahead. The company is now providing the equipment for 25% of the third-generation wireless broadband networks telecom operators are building in India. Huawei has introduced smartphones, tablets and 3G laptop dongles in India and had $1.6 billion in revenue from the country last year. A Huawei official who declined to be named said the company is thriving in India despite an environment where Indian telecom operators are encouraged, subtly, to buy gear from non-Chinese vendors. |
印度也在寻求刺激自己的高科技制造业。政府正在考虑通过一项新的制造业政策要求电信公司从本国企业采购大部分网络设备。因此从理论上讲，包括中国企业在内的外资公司将受到鼓励在印度建立合资企业。 |
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| India is also looking at ways to jumpstart its own high-tech manufacturing. The government is considering a move as part of a new manufacturing policy that would require telecommunications companies to buy a majority of network equipment from local firms. Foreign companies including those from China would theoretically be encouraged to invest in Indian joint ventures to comply. |
专家说，从目前来看，印度制造业的成功限于汽车零部件、婴幼儿服装等科技含量较低的领域。要打造一个真正具有竞争力的制造业，政府就必须改弦更张，别再让工厂主继续承受繁重的税务负担，别再让他们受到严苛的劳动法和各种妨碍购买土地规定的束缚。 |
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| For now, India's manufacturing success is limited to lower-tech areas like auto parts and baby garments, experts say. Developing a truly competitive manufacturing sector will require a vastly different approach from a government that has saddled factory owners with onerous labor laws, taxes and regulations that make it hard to acquire land. |
曾任职于世界贸易组织(World Trade Organization)、目前为印度国际经济关系研究委员会(Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations)教授的霍达(Anwarul Hoda)说，真正的解决办法在于印度采取措施提升竞争力；印度必须要解决中小企业面临的各种问题。
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'The real solutions will lie in India taking steps to improve its competitiveness,' said Anwarul Hoda, a former World Trade Organization official who is now a professor at the Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations, a think tank. 'You have to deal with the problems faced by small and medium-scale industries.'
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Post By：2012/8/7 9:39:40
